#include    <stdio.h>
#include    <string.h>
#include    <sys/types.h>
#include    <dirent.h>
#include    <sys/stat.h>

void do_ls(char[]);
void dostat(char *);
void show_file_info( char *, struct stat *);
void mode_to_letters( int , char [] );
char *uid_to_name( uid_t );
char *gid_to_name( gid_t );

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    if ( argc == 1 )
        do_ls( "." );
    else
        while ( --argc ){
            printf("%s:\n", *++argv );
            do_ls( *argv );
        }

    return 0;
}

void do_ls( char dirname[] )
{
    DIR     *dir_ptr;       
    struct dirent   *direntp;       

    if ( ( dir_ptr = opendir( dirname ) ) == NULL )
        fprintf(stderr,"ls1: cannot open %s\n", dirname);
    else
    {
        while ( ( direntp = readdir( dir_ptr ) ) != NULL )
            dostat( direntp->d_name );
        closedir(dir_ptr);
    }
}

void dostat( char *filename )
{
    struct stat info;

    if ( stat(filename, &info) == -1 )      
        perror( filename );         
    else                    
        show_file_info( filename, &info );
}

void show_file_info( char *filename, struct stat *info_p )
{
    char    *uid_to_name(), *ctime(), *gid_to_name(), *filemode();
    void    mode_to_letters();
        char    modestr[11];

    mode_to_letters( info_p->st_mode, modestr );

    printf( "%s"    , modestr );
    printf( "%4d "  , (int) info_p->st_nlink);  
    printf( "%-8s " , uid_to_name(info_p->st_uid) );
    printf( "%-8s " , gid_to_name(info_p->st_gid) );
    printf( "%8ld " , (long)info_p->st_size);
    printf( "%.12s ", 4+ctime(&info_p->st_mtime));
    printf( "%s\n"  , filename );

}

void mode_to_letters( int mode, char str[] )
{
    strcpy( str, "----------" );           

    if ( S_ISDIR(mode) )  str[0] = 'd';    
    if ( S_ISCHR(mode) )  str[0] = 'c';    
    if ( S_ISBLK(mode) )  str[0] = 'b';    

    if ( mode & S_IRUSR ) str[1] = 'r';    
    if ( mode & S_IWUSR ) str[2] = 'w';
    if ( mode & S_IXUSR ) str[3] = 'x';

    if ( mode & S_IRGRP ) str[4] = 'r';    
    if ( mode & S_IWGRP ) str[5] = 'w';
    if ( mode & S_IXGRP ) str[6] = 'x';

    if ( mode & S_IROTH ) str[7] = 'r';    
    if ( mode & S_IWOTH ) str[8] = 'w';
    if ( mode & S_IXOTH ) str[9] = 'x';
}

#include    <pwd.h>

char *uid_to_name( uid_t uid )
{
    struct  passwd *getpwuid(), *pw_ptr;
    static  char numstr[10];

    if ( ( pw_ptr = getpwuid( uid ) ) == NULL ){
        sprintf(numstr,"%d", uid);
        return numstr;
    }
    else
        return pw_ptr->pw_name ;
}

#include    <grp.h>

char *gid_to_name( gid_t gid )
{
    struct group *getgrgid(), *grp_ptr;
    static  char numstr[10];

    if ( ( grp_ptr = getgrgid(gid) ) == NULL ){
        sprintf(numstr,"%d", gid);
        return numstr;
    }
    else
        return grp_ptr->gr_name;
}